這是一個微型(xing)機器(qi)人(ren)，其底盤(pan)是由(you)零件盒中的電感器(qi)失(shi)掉的廢線(xian)制成的。伺服電機被(bei)砍斷以停(ting)止接連扭轉(zhuan)。ATmega8運轉(zhuan)Arduino代(dai)碼以節制伺服器(qi)并(bing)輪詢超聲傳感器(qi)以避開障礙物。

您要籌備的：

數目x組件稱號

1×ATmega8微(wei)處(chu)理器，微(wei)控制器，DSP/ARM，基于RISC的微(wei)控制器

1×DIL28插座2×1K電阻(zu)3×10K電阻(zu)

1×3.7600mAh鋰電池

1×公頭

1×超聲波傳感器

1×少許電磁線

1×16MHz晶體

2×22pF陶(tao)瓷電容器

1×100nF陶瓷電(dian)容器

2×微型伺服器(qi)可接(jie)連(lian)扭(niu)轉

2×發光二極(ji)管電子零件/其他電子元(yuan)器件

最初(chu)(chu)裝置電池跟電源(yuan)開關。我測驗(yan)考試過利用反極性護衛功用，可是我正在這(zhe)里擁有的一切MOSFET好像皆沒法正在電池供(gong)給的低電壓下到達飽和。最初(chu)(chu)我購(gou)了(le)這(zhe)個3.7脂(zhi)電池為(wei)機(ji)器人(ren)供(gong)電，它很沉，可以(yi)供(gong)給充(chong)足的電壓跟電流為(wei)電路供(gong)電。

該電(dian)(dian)路正在3.7V的電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)下好像可以畸(ji)形事情，以是我(wo)很努力沒必要增添一個升壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)路，這會(hui)鋪張電(dian)(dian)源，而且與名目的整體表面不符。鋰電(dian)(dian)池(chi)已知會(hui)惹(re)起貧苦，是以我(wo)至(zhi)少要多(duo)加留神。

這些電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池不克(ke)不及適(shi)度放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，是(shi)以(yi)我(wo)(wo)利(li)用(yong)了(le)一個(ge)收費的(de)(de)模擬引(yin)腳(jiao)去監督電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，該電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)幾可(ke)以(yi)默示電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)。我(wo)(wo)增添了(le)一個(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)分(fen)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)（圖(tu)中(zhong)已(yi)顯現，由于它正在微控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)(qi)下方），該分(fen)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)毗鄰至模擬引(yin)腳(jiao)。該電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)分(fen)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)減半，然后由微控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)(qi)讀取(qu)。跟著(zhu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)變更，將(jiang)利(li)用(yong)微控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)外部(bu)基準取(qu)代(dai)VCC。值得光榮的(de)(de)是(shi)，Arduino容許(xu)人們輕松變動微控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)(qi)ADC的(de)(de)參考(kao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，而無(wu)需間(jian)接(jie)寄(ji)存器(qi)(qi)操縱。以(yi)是(shi)我(wo)(wo)用(yong)：AnalogReference;//將(jiang)ADC參考(kao)設置為外部(bu)2.56V參考(kao)

留神：ATmega8的(de)外(wai)部基準(zhun)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)為(wei)2.56V，可是大多(duo)數AVRArduino板實際上(shang)皆存在1.1V基準(zhun)。因(yin)為(wei)電(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)高于外(wai)部參考電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，咱們須要一些技(ji)能(neng)去(qu)丈量它。我做了一個簡(jian)略的(de)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)分壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器。我利用了這些藍(lan)色電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)器，我不電(dian)(dian)表(biao)便沒法讀(du)取它們，但精度很下。兩個10K電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)將電(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)最大分壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)為(wei)2.1V。

可以(yi)利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)ArduinoIDE編(bian)程利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)的ATmega8。我利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)mega8是因(yin)為我有(you)良多，但也可以(yi)利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)ATmega328p。要利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)ArduinoIDE編(bian)程ATmega8，只需從“對象(xiang)”菜單(dan)中選擇(ze)ArduinoNG或(huo)更早(zao)版本跟(gen)ATmega8。

然后取舍(she)你擁(yong)有的(de)程(cheng)序(xu)(xu)員。若是你不自力的(de)程(cheng)序(xu)(xu)員，則可以(yi)利(li)用Arduino，只需在線搜刮“ArduinoasISP”最好(hao)一次利(li)用“BurnBootloader”選項，即(ji)便你沒有計劃利(li)用它，也可以(yi)將精(jing)確(que)的(de)保險絲值編程(cheng)到芯片中(zhong)。

微(wei)控制器須(xu)要設置為利用內部晶振，這(zhe)是經由過(guo)程(cheng)指(zhi)定的(de)位(wei)與代(dai)碼離開停(ting)止(zhi)的(de)，而且正在上載新(xin)代(dai)碼時(shi)不會復(fu)位(wei)。BurnBootloader選項會自動(dong)履行此操縱(zong)，然(ran)后你(ni)可以利用“利用編程(cheng)器上傳”對象(xiang)籠罩Bootloader，該(gai)對象(xiang)可將(jiang)熔絲位(wei)連(lian)結編程(cheng)形態。

然后，你(ni)可(ke)(ke)以利(li)用“利(li)用編(bian)程器上傳”選項對芯片(pian)停止編(bian)程。只(zhi)需正在“草圖”菜單下取舍(she)。跳過引誘加(jia)載(zai)順(shun)序會(hui)為你(ni)供給額定的(de)閃存，可(ke)(ke)是我之(zhi)所以利(li)用它只(zhi)是由于ATmega8的(de)引誘加(jia)載(zai)順(shun)序須要(yao)破費(fei)良(liang)多工夫去啟動主代(dai)碼。

原文題目：電線制作(zuo)一(yi)個簡略(lve)的機器(qi)人？去，隨著外洋年夜神學