工(gong)(gong)業(ye)機器(qi)人使用規模普及制造(zao)業(ye)各(ge)個(ge)細分范疇，對我國制造(zao)業(ye)轉型(xing)進(jin)級、鞭策(ce)其他產業(ye)快(kuai)捷開(kai)展有緊(jin)張意思(si)。自本年4月起，我國工(gong)(gong)業(ye)機器(qi)人產量(liang)慢慢回暖，現階(jie)段已進(jin)入(ru)加速增長(chang)期。

工(gong)業(ye)機器(qi)人市場呈回暖態(tai)勢(shi)

從(cong)工業(ye)(ye)機(ji)器人產(chan)量(liang)累計增(zeng)長率(lv)、產(chan)業(ye)(ye)政策、卑鄙市場需求等(deng)三個方面看，2020年我國工業(ye)(ye)機(ji)器人產(chan)業(ye)(ye)顯現三大開展近(jin)況。

化(hua)危機(ji)(ji)為商機(ji)(ji)，工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)機(ji)(ji)器(qi)人(ren)(ren)產(chan)量(liang)高速(su)增加(jia)。從2018—2020年我國(guo)工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)機(ji)(ji)器(qi)人(ren)(ren)產(chan)量(liang)累計增長率來看，我國(guo)工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)機(ji)(ji)器(qi)人(ren)(ren)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)閱歷了(le)2019年行(xing)業(ye)(ye)“寒冬(dong)”之后，自本年4月起慢慢回暖，現階段已進入加(jia)速(su)增長期。新冠肺炎疫情之下，中國(guo)工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)機(ji)(ji)器(qi)人(ren)(ren)企業(ye)(ye)化(hua)危機(ji)(ji)為商機(ji)(ji)，工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)機(ji)(ji)器(qi)人(ren)(ren)產(chan)量(liang)實現逆勢上揚，估(gu)計2020年11—12月和2021年工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)機(ji)(ji)器(qi)人(ren)(ren)產(chan)量(liang)無望保(bao)持高速(su)增加(jia)態(tai)勢。

2018—2020年中國工(gong)業機器人(ren)產量累計增長率(lv)

附注：2020年11—12月(yue)數據(ju)為猜測數據(ju)

多方(fang)政策出臺(tai)，助推工(gong)(gong)(gong)業機(ji)器人(ren)產業開展。工(gong)(gong)(gong)業機(ji)器人(ren)是智能制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)造的(de)關(guan)鍵(jian)因素，其開展是我(wo)國(guo)從制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)造大國(guo)走向(xiang)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)造強(qiang)國(guo)的(de)緊張推手。為進一步(bu)加速工(gong)(gong)(gong)業機(ji)器人(ren)的(de)產業開展，鞭策智能制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)造行進措(cuo)施(shi)，2020年(nian)，國(guo)度(du)及處所當局盤(pan)繞工(gong)(gong)(gong)業機(ji)器人(ren)范疇宣布多項產業增(zeng)進政策。

海外定單(dan)回(hui)流，加速海內(nei)制造(zao)(zao)業(ye)轉(zhuan)型開展(zhan)(zhan)。2020年新冠肺炎疫情(qing)囊括寰球，中國依靠完(wan)全(quan)的產(chan)業(ye)鏈條跟妥當的疫情(qing)防(fang)控步伐承接其他地域轉(zhuan)移至中國的制造(zao)(zao)業(ye)定單(dan)，之前三季(ji)度制造(zao)(zao)業(ye)部門產(chan)物為(wei)例，食物醫(yi)藥范疇中的醫(yi)藥產(chan)物出(chu)口(kou)增(zeng)加21.8%，醫(yi)療儀(yi)器(qi)及器(qi)械出(chu)口(kou)增(zeng)加48.2%，家電(dian)出(chu)口(kou)增(zeng)加17.3%，3C電(dian)子范疇中條記電(dian)腦出(chu)口(kou)增(zeng)加17.6%，機電(dian)產(chan)品出(chu)口(kou)增(zeng)加3.2%。外貿定單(dan)的增(zeng)長使得(de)依賴傳(chuan)統低成(cheng)本(ben)因素擴展(zhan)(zhan)產(chan)能的開展(zhan)(zhan)形(xing)式遭到嚴重應戰，制造(zao)(zao)業(ye)企業(ye)亟須經由過(guo)程(cheng)工(gong)業(ye)機器(qi)人(ren)(ren)進(jin)步產(chan)能，工(gong)業(ye)機器(qi)人(ren)(ren)的使用需(xu)要被進(jin)一步激起(qi)。

工業機器人產業開展面對三大藩(fan)籬

只管本年我國工(gong)業機(ji)器人(ren)(ren)市場呈回暖態勢，可是(shi)從工(gong)業機(ji)器人(ren)(ren)使用(yong)人(ren)(ren)材(cai)、自(zi)立品牌綜合實力、工(gong)業機(ji)器人(ren)(ren)卑鄙使用(yong)三個維度看，借存在制(zhi)約中國工(gong)業機(ji)械(xie)產業開展的焦點問題。

人(ren)(ren)(ren)材(cai)供(gong)需(xu)(xu)矛盾問題日趨凸顯(xian)，應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)型人(ren)(ren)(ren)材(cai)缺口(kou)極大。正在(zai)勞動力供(gong)需(xu)(xu)矛盾、企業(ye)(ye)(ye)轉型進(jin)級(ji)、國(guo)度策(ce)略需(xu)(xu)要(yao)等因(yin)素影響(xiang)下，中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)已接連多年成為(wei)寰球最大的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)器人(ren)(ren)(ren)使用(yong)(yong)市場，工(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)器人(ren)(ren)(ren)作(zuo)為(wei)技(ji)巧(qiao)集成度下、應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)環境龐(pang)大、操縱保(bao)護(hu)(hu)較(jiao)為(wei)專業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)高端(duan)配(pei)備，對(dui)(dui)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)型人(ren)(ren)(ren)材(cai)有著多層次的(de)(de)(de)(de)需(xu)(xu)要(yao)。現階段，海(hai)內中(zhong)(zhong)職院校(xiao)正在(zai)工(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)器人(ren)(ren)(ren)使用(yong)(yong)方(fang)(fang)面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)對(dui)(dui)口(kou)專業(ye)(ye)(ye)方(fang)(fang)才鼓起，短缺多層次人(ren)(ren)(ren)才培(pei)養履歷(li)，大部分(fen)應(ying)(ying)屆畢業(ye)(ye)(ye)生需(xu)(xu)經長(chang)時間的(de)(de)(de)(de)二次培(pei)訓方(fang)(fang)可(ke)到(dao)達工(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)器人(ren)(ren)(ren)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)用(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)要(yao)求，而且一臺工(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)器人(ren)(ren)(ren)須要(yao)3至5名調試保(bao)護(hu)(hu)跟系統集成開辟(pi)(pi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)材(cai)方(fang)(fang)可(ke)施展(zhan)其最大效益，招致海(hai)內工(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)器人(ren)(ren)(ren)產業(ye)(ye)(ye)面(mian)(mian)對(dui)(dui)極大的(de)(de)(de)(de)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)型人(ren)(ren)(ren)材(cai)缺口(kou)問題。依據中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)工(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)器人(ren)(ren)(ren)產業(ye)(ye)(ye)開展(zhan)近況，工(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)器人(ren)(ren)(ren)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)型人(ren)(ren)(ren)材(cai)可(ke)分(fen)為(wei)項目經理(li)、系統集成開辟(pi)(pi)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)師、售(shou)前售(shou)后技(ji)術支(zhi)持工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)師、裝(zhuang)置(zhi)跟調試保(bao)護(hu)(hu)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)師，此中(zhong)(zhong)市場需(xu)(xu)求量最大的(de)(de)(de)(de)是裝(zhuang)置(zhi)跟調試保(bao)護(hu)(hu)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)師。

自立(li)品(pin)(pin)牌(pai)面對“三(san)座大山(shan)”，產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)缺乏競爭力。一是(shi)自立(li)品(pin)(pin)牌(pai)上市數(shu)目(mu)(mu)及產(chan)值(zhi)較(jiao)低(di)。中國工(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)機(ji)(ji)器(qi)人相關(guan)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)數(shu)目(mu)(mu)為1000余家，但上市企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)數(shu)目(mu)(mu)缺乏50家，而(er)(er)且(qie)跨越90%的(de)工(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)機(ji)(ji)器(qi)人企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)年(nian)收入正(zheng)在(zai)(zai)1億(yi)元以下。以海(hai)內機(ji)(ji)器(qi)人龍頭企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)新松公司為例，其(qi)2019年(nian)的(de)業(ye)(ye)(ye)務支出(chu)為27.45億(yi)元，與(yu)收那科(ke)等寰(huan)球當(dang)先的(de)機(ji)(ji)器(qi)人企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)比(bi)擬差異甚大。二是(shi)自立(li)品(pin)(pin)牌(pai)海(hai)內市場份額偏低(di)。從(cong)自立(li)品(pin)(pin)牌(pai)工(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)機(ji)(ji)器(qi)人三(san)大焦(jiao)點零(ling)部件海(hai)內市場份額看，周詳(xiang)減速機(ji)(ji)占(zhan)(zhan)15%、伺服電(dian)機(ji)(ji)占(zhan)(zhan)10%、控制器(qi)占(zhan)(zhan)20%。三(san)是(shi)自立(li)品(pin)(pin)牌(pai)集(ji)聚正(zheng)在(zai)(zai)低(di)附加(jia)值(zhi)環(huan)(huan)(huan)節。工(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)機(ji)(ji)器(qi)人產(chan)鏈(lian)包羅焦(jiao)點零(ling)部件、本體制造、系統集(ji)成跟行(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)使用(yong)4個焦(jiao)點環(huan)(huan)(huan)節。產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)鏈(lian)的(de)上游環(huan)(huan)(huan)節占(zhan)(zhan)領了工(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)機(ji)(ji)器(qi)人整機(ji)(ji)大部分(fen)的(de)本錢(qian)跟利(li)潤，而(er)(er)我國80%以上的(de)工(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)機(ji)(ji)器(qi)人企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)集(ji)聚正(zheng)在(zai)(zai)低(di)附加(jia)值(zhi)的(de)系統集(ji)成環(huan)(huan)(huan)節。

行(xing)(xing)業(ye)卑(bei)鄙使(shi)用(yong)過于集(ji)合(he)，供應失衡(heng)危(wei)險降(jiang)低(di)。從(cong)2019年(nian)(nian)(nian)我國工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)機(ji)器(qi)(qi)人使(shi)用(yong)行(xing)(xing)業(ye)占(zhan)比布局來看，現階段中(zhong)國工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)機(ji)器(qi)(qi)人行(xing)(xing)業(ye)使(shi)用(yong)市場遍及(ji)正在汽(qi)(qi)車及(ji)零(ling)部件(jian)、電(dian)子制造、金屬(shu)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)、塑料(liao)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)等七大行(xing)(xing)業(ye)，但次要集(ji)合(he)于汽(qi)(qi)車及(ji)零(ling)部件(jian)、電(dian)子制造兩大行(xing)(xing)業(ye)，此中(zhong)汽(qi)(qi)車及(ji)零(ling)部件(jian)行(xing)(xing)業(ye)是工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)機(ji)器(qi)(qi)人卑(bei)鄙使(shi)用(yong)最(zui)集(ji)合(he)的(de)行(xing)(xing)業(ye)。近年(nian)(nian)(nian)來，海內汽(qi)(qi)車產量增長率從(cong)2015年(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)33%降(jiang)低(di)至(zhi)2019年(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)-8.3%，因(yin)為汽(qi)(qi)車及(ji)零(ling)部件(jian)是工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)機(ji)器(qi)(qi)人使(shi)用(yong)最(zui)集(ji)合(he)的(de)行(xing)(xing)業(ye)，汽(qi)(qi)車市場的(de)連續(xu)低(di)迷招致工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)機(ji)器(qi)(qi)人市場范圍增速(su)從(cong)2015年(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)31.1%降(jiang)低(di)至(zhi)2019年(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)3.9%，工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)機(ji)器(qi)(qi)人卑(bei)鄙使(shi)用(yong)的(de)高(gao)度(du)集(ji)中(zhong)使(shi)其(qi)深受單(dan)一范疇市場的(de)顛(dian)簸影(ying)響。

2019年中國工業機(ji)器人(ren)行(xing)業使用市場占比

“十四五”期(qi)間工業機器人產業開(kai)展發(fa)起

針(zhen)對制約我(wo)國工(gong)業(ye)機器人產業(ye)開展(zhan)的問(wen)題，提出“十四五”期(qi)間我(wo)國工(gong)業(ye)機器人產業(ye)開展(zhan)對策。

以進步(bu)創新能力為大(da)旨，霸占技(ji)術壁壘。一(yi)是(shi)當局方(fang)面需(xu)(xu)健全工業(ye)(ye)(ye)機器人(ren)(ren)(ren)科技(ji)人(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)培(pei)養激(ji)勵機。結合培(pei)養人(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)，撐持(chi)國(guo)際(ji)人(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)流(liu)動，吸(xi)引海外(wai)人(ren)(ren)(ren)材(cai)來華創業(ye)(ye)(ye)。二是(shi)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)方(fang)面需(xu)(xu)增(zeng)強(qiang)與(yu)外(wai)洋企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)協作(zuo)，經(jing)由過程人(ren)(ren)(ren)材(cai)引進加強(qiang)自(zi)身(shen)人(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)培(pei)養實(shi)力，經(jing)由過程校企(qi)協作(zuo)，配合培(pei)育(yu)知(zhi)足市場需(xu)(xu)求的實(shi)用型人(ren)(ren)(ren)材(cai)。三是(shi)高校方(fang)面需(xu)(xu)緊跟市場開展需(xu)(xu)要(yao)跟國(guo)度(du)政(zheng)策號令(ling)，放慢相關專業(ye)(ye)(ye)開設(she)事情(qing)，平衡培(pei)育(yu)各種人(ren)(ren)(ren)材(cai)，踴躍與(yu)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)互(hu)動交換，促使高校人(ren)(ren)(ren)材(cai)正在企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)理論中晉升自(zi)身(shen)專業(ye)(ye)(ye)技(ji)能。

以產(chan)業整(zheng)合(he)為主線，塑造競爭新格局。一是(shi)(shi)鼓(gu)動勉勵焦點零部件骨(gu)干企(qi)業以互(hu)相參(can)股、技術轉讓等形式停止(zhi)橫向(xiang)整(zheng)合(he)，使企(qi)業快捷增強核(he)心技術才能，做強上游環節(jie)后，經由過(guo)程縱向(xiang)并購結(jie)構(gou)齊(qi)產(chan)業鏈，打造周全的“研-產(chan)-銷”才能。二是(shi)(shi)產(chan)業鏈中下游企(qi)業聚焦自身賽道(dao)開展，以本體營業為焦點，自下而上拓展應用領(ling)域，結(jie)構(gou)齊(qi)產(chan)業鏈。產(chan)業整(zheng)合(he)時(shi)需思量并購企(qi)業營業的相關性，取舍有不異戰(zhan)略目(mu)標的企(qi)業，同時(shi)強化企(qi)業經管。

以量(liang)量(liang)并舉為(wei)門路，培養產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)新(xin)增長點。一是(shi)緊抓(zhua)我國(guo)制(zhi)造業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)轉型進級市場(chang)機(ji)緣，展(zhan)開面向(xiang)電力、煤礦(kuang)、石油、核工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)、航(hang)空、航(hang)天等(deng)范疇的工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)機(ji)器(qi)人樹模使用(yong)，拓展(zhan)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)機(ji)器(qi)人使用(yong)新(xin)空間。二是(shi)放慢工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)機(ji)器(qi)人產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)鏈(lian)關(guan)鍵環節的國(guo)家標準、行業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)標準、集(ji)團標準制(zhi)修訂(ding)事情，連續(xu)美(mei)滿工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)機(ji)器(qi)人尺度(du)系(xi)統(tong)，應用(yong)新(xin)一代信息技術，扶(fu)植產(chan)(chan)品質量(liang)靜態評估體系(xi)，周(zhou)全把控產(chan)(chan)物危險(xian)，扎實晉升產(chan)(chan)品質量(liang)跟效勞才(cai)能。

原文題(ti)目：市場(chang)回暖，“十四五”工業(ye)機器(qi)人(ren)產業(ye)開展若(ruo)何(he)？